industria Latin · revision 3702

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *streu-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪnˈdʊs.tri.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [inˈdus.tri.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''industria''' ''f'' (genitive industriae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the feminine of [[industrius]] “active, diligent” used as a noun, perhaps with [[opera]] “work” understood.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ''industrius'' from *endo-struwo-, built on [[struo|alt=struō]] “to build, arrange”, with the old preposition [[indu]] “in”.^(de Vaan 2008) Paulus' Festus records an old form [[m|la|indostruum]].^(de Vaan 2008) The verb is [[inh|itc-pro|*strow-e/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*streu-e/o-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) where a mistress brought a girl up “with great care”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant diligent, purposeful activity, application or industry, as Cicero's “talent is nourished by industry” and Nepos' great diligence in preparing for war.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the phrases ''de industria'', ''ex industria'' and ''ob industriam'' it meant “on purpose, deliberately”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Köbler lists later senses such as skill, cleverness and art.^(Köbler 2010) English ''industry'' came from it in the late 15th century, first meaning “cleverness, skill”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of care in bringing up a girl.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero says talent is nourished by industry.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 100–24 BC – Nepos uses it of preparing for war.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 15th century – English ''industry'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Diligent activity, application, [[m|en|industry]], [[m|en|diligence]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Purpose, ''de industria'', ''ex industria'': on purpose, deliberately.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Skill, cleverness.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[industriosus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|industry]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''opera'', activity without strain, from ''labor'', strenuous exertion that brings fatigue.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}