supparum Latin · revision 37014

+ {{homograph|1|woman's linen garment}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsʊp.pa.rũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsup.pa.rum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''supparum''' ''n'' (genitive supparī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The masculine ''supparus'' is the commoner form, and the OLD enters the word under it;^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Plautus has the spelling ''subparus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ Manuscripts often confuse it with ''sīparum'' “topsail”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The garment's name is of doubtful origin.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Varro reports that it was an Oscan word,^(Varro)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and the OLD, Lewis & Short and Wiktionary take it to be perhaps [[der|osc|-]] on that evidence.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Varro also relates the inner garment [[subucula]] and the outer [[m|la|supparus]] as the garment “below” and the garment “above”.^(Varro)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest examples are in Naevius and Plautus;^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010) Plautus uses the form ''subparus'' in a pun in the ''Epidicus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a linen garment worn by women, perhaps a kind of scarf or shawl;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Conte describes it as a short-sleeved overgarment.^(Conte 2010) Varro puts it above the [[subucula]], the undergarment,^(Varro)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and the comic poets Afranius and Novius used it,^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Georges 1913) as did Lucan, who has the neuter plural ''suppara''.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ In medieval British Latin it meant a woman's smock or shift, perhaps also a veil, and a kind of oversleeve; glossaries render it with English [[m|en|rochet]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses the word.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus puns on the spelling ''subparus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro calls it Oscan and sets it beside the ''subucula''.^(Varro)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 39–65 AD – Lucan uses the neuter plural ''suppara''.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * medieval – British glossaries gloss it as a smock or rochet.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A woman's [[m|en|linen]] [[m|en|garment]] worn over the undergarment, perhaps a [[m|en|shawl]] or scarf.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A smock, [[m|en|shift]]; perhaps a veil; an oversleeve.^(DMLBS)

+

+ {{homograph|2|topsail}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=4 BC–65 AD, Seneca|origins=grc σίφαρος}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sīparum''' ''n'' (genitive sīparī); second declension^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ It is also spelled ''sīpharum'', as in Fronto,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) and written ''supparum'' in Lucan.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The topsail is [[bor|grc|σίφαρος|tr=sípharos|t=topsail]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Georges 1913) The OLD holds that it has nothing to do with the garment's name, though manuscripts confuse the two;^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Georges and Köbler treat them as one word.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler, citing Frisk, adds that the Greek word's further origin is unknown.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ Isidore of Seville reports the view that it was named from its separation from the other sails.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Seneca, in his letters and in the tragedy Medea.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a small triangular sail set above the main yard.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Seneca, Lucan, Statius and Fronto use it.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Isidore describes it as a sail with a single lower corner, used to help a ship along when the wind dropped.^(Isidore) Tertullian transfers the word to the cloth spread on the crossbar of a military standard.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it in his letters and in the ''Medea''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 39–65 AD – Lucan writes of spreading the topsails to catch the dying wind.^(Isidore)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 100–170 AD – Fronto has the spelling ''sīpharum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian uses it of the cloth of military standards.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore explains it in his chapter on sails.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(nautical)'' A [[m|en|topsail]], a triangular [[m|en|sail]] set above the main yard.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)

+ # The cloth of a military [[m|en|standard]].^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Georges enters both words under ''supparum'' and lists the garment as a transferred sense of the sail,^(Georges 1913) while the OLD and Gaffiot separate them.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}