scorpius Latin · revision 37012

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius|origins=grc σκορπίος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈskɔr.pi.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈskɔr.pi.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''scorpius''' ''m'' (genitive scorpiī or scorpī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The Greek form ''scorpios'' (accusative ''scorpion'') is common in poetry, as in Lucilius, Cicero, Horace and Lucan; the OLD enters the word under it.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|σκορπίος|tr=skorpíos|t=scorpion]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest example is in Lucilius, of a scorpion with its tail raised (''scorpios cauda sublata'').^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Besides the animal, Ovid uses it of a scorpion born from a buried crab,^(OLD 2012) and Lucan and Martial name it as a creature to be feared.^(OLD 2012) From Cicero's translation of Aratus on it named the constellation and zodiac sign Scorpio,^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) as in Virgil's ''Georgics'' and an ode of Horace that names Libra and the fearsome Scorpion together.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ By likeness it named a prickly sea fish,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) a shrub in Pliny the Elder,^(OLD 2012) and a kind of artillery, in the historian Sisenna and in Gellius' list of old weapon names.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it of the scorpion.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 120–67 BC – The historian Sisenna uses it of an artillery engine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero's translation of Aratus uses it for the constellation.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of a sea fish in the ''Halieutica''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it as the name of a shrub.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|scorpion]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(astronomy)'' The constellation or zodiac sign [[m|en|Scorpio]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # A prickly sea fish, the same as the sea [[scorpio|alt=scorpiō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # A thorny [[m|en|shrub]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(military)'' A small [[m|en|catapult]], an artillery engine.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[scorpaena]]

+ * [[scorpiacum]]

+ * [[scorpioctonon]]

+ * [[scorpītis]]

+ * [[scorpiūrus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The same senses are more often expressed by [[scorpio|alt=scorpiō]], ''-ōnis'', which goes back to the Greek by-form [[grc|σκορπίων|tr=skorpíōn]];^(Georges 1913) Lewis & Short and the DMLBS enter ''scorpius'' under it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}