materia Latin · revision 3701

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *méh₂-tr-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [maːˈtɛ.ri.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [maˈtɛː.ri.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''māteria''' ''f'' (genitive māteriae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[mater|alt=māter]] “mother”, in the sense “source”, with the suffix [[m|la|-ia]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) ''Mater'' is [[inh|itc-pro|*mātēr]], [[inh|ine-pro|*méh₂-tr-|t=mother]].^(de Vaan 2008) The philosophical sense “matter” is a semantic loan from [[grc|ὕλη|tr=húlē|t=wood, matter]], introduced by Cicero.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Wiktionary compares [[xcl|մայր|tr=mayr|t=cedar]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Cicero notes that a builder does not make his timber himself.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense was wood as building material, timber, and the woody part of a tree, as in Vitruvius.^(OLD 2012) From this it meant mortar, and any substance of which something is made, material, as Lucretius' and Cicero's matter of the universe.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ It meant the subject matter of a speech or book, as Horace's “choose a subject equal to your strength”, the material on which an art is exercised, and an occasion or cause, as Cicero's Clodius, “the field and fuel of Milo's glory”.^(OLD 2012) In medicine it was morbid matter in the body.^(OLD 2012) It survives as Spanish ''madera'' and Portuguese ''madeira'', “wood”, and English ''matter'' came from it through Anglo-French about 1200.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of timber and of the cause of glory.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of mortar.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''matter'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Wood, [[m|en|timber]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The woody part of a tree.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Mortar]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Matter]], material, substance.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(medicine)'' Bodily substance; morbid matter.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The material of an art or study.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Subject matter, topic.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An occasion, cause, means.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[māteriālis]]

+ * [[māteriārius]]

+ * [[māteriātūra]]

+ * [[māteriēs]]

+ * [[materinus]]

+ * [[māterior]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mater]]

+ * [[en|matter]]

+ * [[en|material]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}