qualum Latin · revision 37004

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quālum''' ''n'' (genitive quālī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The masculine ''quālus'' is as common as the neuter; the OLD enters the word under it.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) It has often been compared with a Slavic word for a large wicker basket, [[sla-pro|*košь]],^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) but de Vaan finds the sound changes this needs unlikely.^(de Vaan 2008) He finds more plausible a connection with [[quatio|alt=quatiō]] “to shake”, which would make it [[inh|itc-pro|*kwat-slo-|t=sieve, filter]], an instrument noun like Dutch [[m|nl|doorslag]] “sieve” beside [[m|nl|slaan]] “to beat”;^(de Vaan 2008) the same root could also explain [[cōlum]] “strainer”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) He adds that the whole account depends on the link with “shake”, so that a quite different origin remains possible.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler connects it with a reconstructed root for wickerwork and baskets, [[ine-pro|*kᵘ̯asi̯o-]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus;^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in Cato's treatise on agriculture it names baskets for seed (''quāla satōria'') and the pierced baskets in which vines are layered.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a wicker basket or hamper for many uses: farmers used it for seed, fruit and the grape harvest,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Columella of baskets kept very clean and of willow,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Virgil of close-woven baskets (''spissō vīmine quālōs'').^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the house it was above all the wool basket of spinning women,^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary) as in an ode of Horace: ''tibi quālum Cytherēae puer āles aufert'', “the winged boy of Cytherea takes your wool basket away”.^(Conte 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the word.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it for seed baskets.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of close-woven baskets.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a wool basket.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of willow baskets.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|wicker]] [[m|en|basket]] or [[m|en|hamper]], for seed, fruit or the grape harvest.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A basket for straining [[m|en|wine]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A wool basket, a [[m|en|spinning]] basket.^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[quasillum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[colum|alt=cōlum]]

+ * [[quatio|alt=quatiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}