medicus Latin · revision 3699

15 Oct 2026, 19:57 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *med-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈmɛ.dɪ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmɛː.di.kus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''medicus''' ''m'' (genitive medicī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is derived from [[medeor]] “to heal” with the suffix [[m|la|-cus]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The verb is [[inh|itc-pro|*med-ē-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*med-|t=to measure, take care of]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The noun “doctor” is found from Plautus onwards.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ As a noun it meant a doctor, physician or surgeon.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) As an adjective it meant healing or medical, as Virgil's “to put healing hands to wounds” and Ovid's ''ars medica'', “the art of healing”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) ''Digitus medicus'' or ''medicus'' alone was the ring finger, after Greek usage.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ Silius Italicus used the adjective in the sense “magic”.^(Gaffiot 2016) It survives as Italian ''medico'', and English ''medic'' was borrowed in the 1650s, while ''medical'' comes from Late Latin ''medicalis''.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of doctors.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 86/82 BC – The Rhetorica ad Herennium uses it of the ring finger.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it as an adjective, “healing”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1650s – English ''medic'' is borrowed.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|doctor]], [[m|en|physician]], surgeon.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # The ring finger.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Healing, curative, [[m|en|medical]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Magic.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[medeor]]
+ * [[en|medic]]
+ * [[en|medical]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ A different word, ''Mēdicus'', means “Median, of the Medes”, and ''malus Medica'' was the citron tree.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}