crabro Latin · revision 36976

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ḱrH-s-r-on-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkraː.broː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkraː.bro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''crābrō''' ''m'' (genitive crābrōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*krāsrōn-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ḱrH-s-r-on-|t=the one with antennae, hornet]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan explains it from [[m|ine-pro|*ḱr-h₂-s-|t=head]], whose derivative [[m|ine-pro|*ḱr-h₂-s-ró-|t=what is on the head]] came to mean antennae or horns.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[prg|sirsilis]], [[olt|širšuõ]], [[lv|sir̂suonis]], [[sh|sȑšljēnj]], [[goh|hornuz]], [[de|Hornisse]], [[nl|horzel]] and [[en|hornet]], all meaning “hornet”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Isidore of Seville derived the name from ⟨cabo⟩, that is [[m|la|caballus|t=horse]], because hornets were thought to be born from horses.^(TLL)^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who has the proverb ''irritabis crabrones'', “you will stir up the hornets”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Virgil, Ovid and Pliny the Elder use it of the [[m|en|hornet]];^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) the best manuscripts of Ovid have the spelling ''scrabo'', and some of Servius ''scrabro''.^(TLL) In Medieval Latin it was used for the hornet or the wasp, and Old English glossaries render it with words for both.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''calabrone''.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it in a proverb.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it in the ''Georgics''.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it in the ''Metamorphoses''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder describes it.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore of Seville explains its name.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|hornet]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A hornet or [[m|en|wasp]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cerebrum]]

+ * [[cornū]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Irritare crabrones'', “to stir up the hornets”, corresponds to English “to stir up a hornet's nest”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}