excresco Latin · revision 36963

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *k(w)reh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈskreːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ekˈskrɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''excrēscō''' (present infinitive excrēscere, perfect active excrēvī, supine excrētum); third conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|crēscō|t2=to grow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan lists it from Cato on among the compounds of the simple verb, which he traces to [[itc-pro|*krē-|t=to grow, increase]] and [[ine-pro|*k(w)reh₁-|t=to become bigger, stronger]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan finds it from Cato on,^(de Vaan 2008) and Conte cites one of Cato's speeches for the sense to spring up.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The TLL notes that Varro, Cicero and Livy do not use it, and that Gregory the Great is fond of it.^(TLL) It means to grow out from a point: Celsus says a bone grows out from the top of a rib.^(OLD 2012) It also means to grow up or grow larger, of palms in Columella and of trees and lettuces in Pliny the Elder,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Tacitus says that German children grow into the large bodies that the Romans admire.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil uses the participle ''excrētus'' of kids that have grown up.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ In medicine it is used of morbid growths: Celsus of a scar that has grown out, Suetonius of flesh that had grown on Galba's side,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Pliny the Elder calls such growths ''excrēscentia''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it means to increase or grow excessive, as of a swelling river in Seneca, of an over-long introduction in Quintilian, and of the lists of lawsuits in Suetonius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of something springing up.^(Conte 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses the participle of grown kids.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of bones and of morbid growths.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of palms that have grown enough.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian warns against an introduction that grows too long.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it of flesh growing on Galba's side.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|grow]] out from a point;^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) ''(figurative)'' to spring from.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To grow up, grow larger; of a river, to [[m|en|swell]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(medicine)'' Of a morbid growth: to grow out, form an [[m|en|excrescence]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To increase, grow [[m|en|excessive]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[excrescentia]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Its perfect ''excrēvī'' and supine ''excrētum'' are the same as those of [[excernō]] “to sift, separate”, and Conte warns against confusing the two verbs' forms.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}