citreus Latin · revision 36942

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la citrus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkɪ.tre.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈt͡ʃiː.tre.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''citreus''' (feminine citrea, neuter citreum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ A spelling ''citrius'' occurs in Scribonius Largus.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|citrus|-eus]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The base is probably from [[grc|κέδρος|tr=kédros|t=cedar]], through Etruscan,^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) and the OLD compares that Greek word.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who in the Verrines speaks of a very large and very beautiful table of citrus wood (''mēnsam citream'') that was carried off.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Most uses are of the prized African citrus wood: Horace has a marble statue set up under a roof of citrus wood,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Petronius a citrus table from Africa whose markings imitate gold,^(TLL) Persius couches of citrus wood,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Pliny the Elder an oil obtained from it.^(OLD 2012) Scribonius Largus and Pliny also use it of the citron fruit (''māla citrea''), which, Pliny says, the Greeks named after Media,^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) and Pliny uses the feminine ''citrea'' for the tree.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Macrobius discusses the ''mālum citreum'', quoting Oppius and Cloatius.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The neuter ''citreum'' meant the citron, and in Palladius the citron tree.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a table of citrus wood.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a roof of citrus wood.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of the citron fruit and of an oil from the wood.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * first half of the 5th century AD – Macrobius discusses the citron.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * end of the 4th or beginning of the 5th century AD – Palladius uses the neuter for the citron tree.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of or growing on the [[m|en|citron]] tree.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # Made of the wood of the African citrus tree (''Callitris quadrivalvis''), a costly [[m|en|wood]] for tables.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # Obtained from citrus wood (of oil).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(neuter, citreum)'' The citron fruit; the citron tree.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(feminine, citrea)'' The citrus tree.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[citrus]]

+ * [[citrum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}