circumvolo Latin · revision 36922

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la volō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɪrˈkʊm.wɔ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [t͡ʃirˈkum.vo.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''circumvolō''' (present infinitive circumvolāre, perfect active circumvolāvī, supine circumvolātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|circum-|volō#2|t2=to fly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) For the simple verb de Vaan finds it conceivable, with Muller, that it continues [[itc-pro|*gʷela-je/o-]], from [[ine-pro|*gʷelh₁-|t=to raise the arm, throw]], the meaning having shifted to flying when used of birds;^(de Vaan 2008) Walde and Hofmann rejected the connection.^(de Vaan 2008) If so, it is cognate with [[grc|βάλλω|tr=bállō|t=to throw, hit]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis and Short find it no earlier than the Augustan age.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The OLD's first example is in Virgil's ''Aeneid'', of the Harpies flying round their prey: ''turba sonāns praedam pedibus circumvolat uncīs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Virgil and Horace use it of night, darkness and death hovering around someone,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Horace of Jest and Cupid fluttering round.^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder uses it of a ship circled by a halcyon, and Quintilian of young birds leaving the nest to fly round it.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of people it meant to dart round: Velleius Paterculus has Telesinus darting round the ranks of his army.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Of things it meant to rush round or encircle, as the sea round the coasts of the Peloponnese in Manilius.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Columella uses it intransitively of chicks flying about a hen.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin kept the sense of flying about.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the Harpies flying round their prey.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of death on black wings.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 20 BC–30 AD – Velleius Paterculus uses it of a commander darting round his ranks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of chicks flying about a hen.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a ship circled by a halcyon.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To fly or [[m|en|hover]] around.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of people, to run or [[m|en|dart]] around.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of things, to rush round, [[m|en|encircle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To fly or [[m|en|flutter]] about.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}