praeiudico Latin · revision 36909

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la iūdex}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prae̯ˈjuː.dɪ.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [preˈjuː.di.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praeiūdicō''' (present infinitive praeiūdicāre, perfect active praeiūdicāvī, supine praeiūdicātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prae-|iūdicō|t2=to judge]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The verb [[m|la|iūdicō]] is made from [[m|la|iūdex|t=judge]], which de Vaan derives from [[itc-pro|*jowes-dik-|t=judge]], one who speaks the law, a compound of the words behind [[m|la|iūs#2|t=law]] and [[m|la|dīcō#2|t=to say]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first examples are in Cicero,^(OLD 2012) and the TLL counts nine passages in his works.^(TLL) In the speech for Cluentius he speaks of a man who came to trial after the matter had been prejudged once and again: ''rē semel atque iterum praeiūdicātā''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was first a legal term, to give a preliminary judgement on a matter before the main trial.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy uses it more widely of settling something in advance,^(OLD 2012) and it is also used of forming an opinion beforehand.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) The participle ''praeiūdicātus'' meant decided beforehand, as in ''opīniō praeiūdicāta'', a preconceived opinion.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In later Latin it was also intransitive with a dative, to be prejudicial to: the jurist Macer, in the Digest, says that matters judged between some people do not prejudice others.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ambrose uses it in this sense too,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Church Latin kept the meaning “to decide beforehand”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a matter judged in advance of a trial.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of deciding something in advance.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 340–397 AD – Ambrose uses it in the sense “to be prejudicial to”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(law)'' To give a preliminary [[m|en|judgement]] on, [[m|en|prejudge]] (a matter).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To decide or settle in advance.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To form an opinion beforehand; to prejudge.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(intransitive, with dative)'' To be [[m|en|prejudicial]] to.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}