refluo Latin · revision 36901

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la fluō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈrɛ.fɫu.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈrɛː.flu.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''refluō''' (present infinitive refluere, perfect active reflūxī, supine reflūxum); third conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|re-|fluō|t1=back|t2=to flow]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|fluō]] to [[ine-pro|*bhleuH-|t=to flow over]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis and Short call it poetic and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil has it in the ''Georgics'' and the ''Aeneid'', where a terrified river flows backwards and the Nile withdraws from the fields.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Ovid's Maeander “flows back and flows on” in its winding course,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and Lucan has rivers flowing back when blocked.^(Georges 1913)^(Georges 1913) Mela and Pliny the Elder use it of the sea ebbing.^(Georges 1913)^(OLD 2012) Valerius Flaccus uses the participle of the Po overflowing its banks.^(Georges 1913) In law Ulpian uses it of water flowing back onto land from a swamp in flood.^(OLD 2012) Cassiodorus has it as a transitive verb, to drive back.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of rivers flowing back.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of the winding Maeander.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of the ebbing tide.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian uses it of floodwater returning onto land.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 485–c. 580 AD – Cassiodorus uses it transitively.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To flow back; of the sea, to [[m|en|ebb]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To flow back into a place formerly covered; to [[m|en|overflow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' To drive back.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[refluamen]]

+ * [[refluus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fluō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}