biiugus Latin · revision 36895

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=la iugum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈbɪ.jʊ.ɡʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈbiː.ju.ɡus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''biiugus''' (feminine biiuga, neuter biiugum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ A by-form ''biiugis'' is used beside it,^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) and a contracted ''bīgus'' appears in Manilius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|bi-|iugum|t1=two|t2=yoke]].^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)^(Wiktionary) The TLL derives it from the noun or from [[m|la|iungō|t=to join, yoke]] and compares [[m|la|bīgae|t=a two-horse chariot]].^(TLL) De Vaan explains such compounds of a numeral and the root of that verb as old o-stems.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL takes the ''-us'' form to be the older one, found from Lucretius on.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) Lucretius uses it of a pair of yoked lions (''biiugōs leōnēs'') and of a chariot drawn by two horses.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Virgil uses it of a chariot race (''biiugō certāmine'') and, as a plural noun ''biiugī'', of a two-horse chariot from which Turnus leaps down.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Martial uses it of horses, Valerius Flaccus of serpents, and Statius of the pole of a chariot.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In metre Terentianus Maurus calls a pair of feet ''biiugī pedēs''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of yoked lions and a two-horse chariot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a chariot race and of a chariot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it of a pair of horses.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|yoke|alt=Yoked]] in pairs; of a chariot, drawn by two horses.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(masculine plural as a noun)'' A two-horse [[m|en|chariot]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Of a contest: for two-horse chariots.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(prosody)'' Of feet: in pairs.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iugum]]

+ * [[bīgae]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}