wine English · revision 3689

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 725, Beowulf|origins=la vīnum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /waɪn/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|win]],^(MWU 2024) [[inh|ang|wīn]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[gem-pro|*wīnam]],^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) an early borrowing [[der|la|vīnum|t=wine]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) which is also the source of Old Saxon and Old High German wīn (German Wein), Dutch wijn, Old Norse vín and Gothic wein.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) The Latin word is related to [[grc|οἶνος|tr=oînos|t=wine]], Albanian vēne and Armenian gini,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) and to Hittite and to non-Indo-European words such as Georgian and West Semitic ones (Hebrew yayin).^(Etymonline) Watkins takes it as probably from a lost Mediterranean word *win-, *woin-;^(Etymonline) Beekes argues for an Indo-European origin, connecting Latin vītis “vine” and the root [[ine-pro|*wei-|t=to turn, bend]].^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) Latin vīnum also gave Old Church Slavonic vino, Lithuanian vynas and Welsh gwin.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The fermented juice of the grape: about 725, in ''Beowulf'',^(Barnhart 1988) and in the OED from 805–31.^(OED 1989) As one of the elements of the Eucharist it is from about 1005.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A fermented drink made from other fruits or plants, usually with a qualifying word, is from 1398.^(OED 1989) In pharmacy a medicinal solution in wine is from 1652.^(OED 1989) Wine as the usual accompaniment of dessert is from 1824.^(OED 1989) The verb was first “to spend in drinking wine”, in the 1620s,^(Etymonline) then “to entertain with wine” from 1862,^(Etymonline) or 1829 for the intransitive sense in Merriam-Webster.^(MWU 2024) ''Wine'' and [[vine]] are at heart the same word, and the Latin word also gave [[vinegar]] and [[vintage]].^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 725 – in ''Beowulf''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1005 – the Eucharistic wine.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1398 – wine of other fruits.^(OED 1989)

+ * 16th century – ''winebibber'', ''winepress''.^(Hoad 1986)

+ * 1620s – verb, to spend in drinking wine.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1652 – a medicinal wine.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1862 – to entertain with wine.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[alcohol|alt=alcoholic]] drink made from the [[ferment|alt=fermented]] juice of [[grape|alt=grapes]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A similar drink made from other fruits or plants: ''dandelion wine''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Something that intoxicates or invigorates.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A dark red colour.^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To entertain with wine: ''to wine and dine''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[wineless]]

+ * [[winish]]

+ * [[winegrowing]]

+ * [[winemaker]]

+ * [[winemaking]]

+ * [[wineshop]]

+ * [[wineberry]]

+ * [[winebibber]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vine]]

+ * [[vinegar]]

+ * [[vintage]]

+ * [[vineyard]]

+ * [[oenology]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}