inspuo Latin · revision 36883

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=4 BC–65 AD, Seneca|origins=la spuō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈĩː.spu.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈin.spu.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inspuō''' (present infinitive inspuere, perfect active inspuī, supine inspūtum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|spuō|t2=to spit]].^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan traces the simple verb to [[ine-pro|*sp(i)uH-ie/o-|t=to spit]], an onomatopoeic formation whose beginning was probably reshaped in several languages.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ The simple verb is cognate with [[grc|πτύω|tr=ptúō|t=to spit]] and [[lt|spiáuti]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Seneca, who tells of an insolent young man spitting on someone, ''cui adulēscēns prōtervus īnspuit'', and of someone found to spit in a man's face.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 1st century AD it meant to spit into or upon something, with a dative or with ''in'' and the accusative: Seneca and Petronius use it of spitting at or in someone's face,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Lucan uses it with a dative,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) and Suetonius of a claim that sight would be restored by spitting on the eyes.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Pliny the Elder uses the impersonal passive in a remedy for an animal that has got into the ear.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Used transitively, it meant to spit something into something: in Pliny the Elder birds spit salty earth into the mouths of their chicks, and salt is spat into the eyes of draught animals;^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) in Hyginus someone bites off their own tongue and spits it into the king's face.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In later Latin it also meant to spit upon, cover with spittle, as in the Old Latin Gospels and in Servius.^(Conte 2010)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of spitting on someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of birds spitting earth into their chicks' mouths.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it of spitting into the eyes as a cure.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 400 AD – Servius uses it transitively, “to spit upon”.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|spit]] into or upon.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To spit (something) into.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Late Latin, transitive)'' To spit upon, cover with [[m|en|spittle]].^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}