parliament English · revision 3688

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1216–59|origins=fro parler}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈpɑː.lə.mənt/, US /ˈpɑːr.lə.mənt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|parlement]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) [[bor|fro|parlement|t=a speaking, talk]],^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) from [[m|fro|parler|t=to speak]] and the suffix [[m|fro|-ment]].^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) The spelling was altered about 1400 after Medieval Latin parliamentum,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) which is attested in Anglo-Latin from the early 13th century^(Etymonline) and was probably itself based on Middle English parliment.^(Hoad 1986)^(Barnhart 1988) It is related to [[parley]], [[parlance]] and [[parlour]].^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Speech, a talk: 1216–59 in the OED.^(OED 1989) Etymonline dates the word to about 1300, as “consultation; formal conference, assembly”,^(Etymonline) and Barnhart to probably before 1300, in ''Arthour and Merlin'', as a formal council or lawmaking body.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A parliament was historically a talking shop.^(Cresswell 2021) From a formal conference it came to mean the council of the secular and church aristocracy summoned by the monarch,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) from 1275 in the OED as an assembly called by the sovereign,^(OED 1989) and the representative assembly of England or Ireland by the mid-14th century.^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) By 1362 it was seen as a permanent institution.^(OED 1989) ''High Court of Parliament'' is from 1450.^(OED 1989) The adjective [[parliamentary]] is from 1616.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1216–59 – a talk, a speech.^(OED 1989)

+ * 13th century – a deliberative assembly.^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1275 – an assembly summoned by the sovereign.^(OED 1989)

+ * mid-14th century – the representative assembly of England.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1400 – spelling ''parliament''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1616 – ''parliamentary''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A national representative body with supreme [[legislature|alt=legislative]] powers.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # The national legislature of certain countries, especially that of the [[United Kingdom]], made up of the [[House of Lords]] and the [[House of Commons]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A formal conference to discuss public affairs.^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[antiparliament]]

+ * [[interparliament]]

+ * [[antiparliamentary]]

+ * [[interparliamentary]]

+ * [[parliamentarian]]

+ * [[parliamentary]]

+ * [[unparliamentary]]

+ * [[European Parliament]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[parley]]

+ * [[parlance]]

+ * [[parlour]]

+ * [[parable]]

+ * [[palaver]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}