exululo Latin · revision 36873

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=43 BC–18 AD, Ovid|origins=la ululō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈsʊ.ɫʊ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eɡˈzuː.lu.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exululō''' (present infinitive exululāre, perfect active exululāvī, supine exululātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|ululō|t2=to howl]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan calls that verb an onomatopoeia for a sound like /u/; a form ⟨*ul-⟩ or ⟨*ulul-⟩ may already have existed in Proto-Indo-European, but this cannot be proven.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL records it from Ovid on.^(TLL) In the ''Metamorphoses'' a man changed into a wolf howls and tries in vain to speak: ''exululat frūstrāque loquī cōnātur''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Besides wolves it is used of people in a frenzy, above all of Bacchants, and of people tormented by pain or grief: in Silius Italicus the mothers howl with their hair let down.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Scribonius Largus uses it of a poison that drives the mind to madness and makes the victim howl.^(TLL)

+

+ As a transitive verb it means to call on a god with howling: the Mother Cybele is invoked in Phrygian measures, ''Phrygiīs exululāta modīs''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The past participle can also have a middle sense, of a Bacchant who has worked herself up with cries.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) In the ''Passion of Perpetua'' the martyr cries out when she is struck.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of a man turned wolf, of Bacchants and of the worship of Cybele.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 47 AD – Scribonius Largus uses it of a poison causing frenzy.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 25–101 AD – Silius Italicus uses it of mothers in mourning.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|howl]] out, [[m|en|shriek]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To invoke with howls;^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) ''(passive in a middle sense)'' to work oneself up by howling.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ululō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}