insperans Latin · revision 36872

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *spéh₁-s}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ĩːˈspeː.rãːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [inˈspɛː.rans]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īnspērāns''' (genitive īnspērantis); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|spērō|t1=not|t2=to hope]], from its present participle.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The verb is formed from [[m|la|spēs|t=hope]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*spēs]] and [[ine-pro|*spéh₁-s|t=prosperity]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL's first quotation is from Terence's ''Andria'', of a wedding arranged against the hopes of one man and the will of another.^(TLL)^(Conte 2010) Köbler gives Plautus as the first source.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is mostly used in the oblique cases, of someone to whom something happens beyond hope.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Usually the event is a good one: Cicero says that something fell out for him and Cotta ''īnspērantī'', beyond hope but just as they wished, and Catullus and Tibullus use it of a lover's return or a girl's coming.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) In verse inscriptions it is also used of misfortune that strikes unexpectedly.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it in the ''Andria''.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it in ''On the Orator'' and the speech for Marcellus.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of a beloved who returns beyond hope.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Not hoping, not [[m|en|expecting]]; beyond one's hopes.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[īnspērātus]]

+ * [[spērō]]

+ * [[spēs]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The adverb is ''īnspēranter'', “unexpectedly”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}