desolo Latin · revision 36861

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la sōlus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈsoː.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈs̬ɔː.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēsōlō''' (present infinitive dēsōlāre, perfect active dēsōlāvī, supine dēsōlātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dē-|sōlus|t2=alone]], with the verbal suffix ⟨-ō⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(TLL) The origin of [[m|la|sōlus]] is unclear: de Vaan rejects the old link with the reflexive pronoun and suggests, tentatively, a connection with the root of [[m|la|salvus|t=whole, safe]] and [[m|la|sollus|t=whole]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis and Short think it was perhaps first used by Virgil,^(Lewis & Short 1879) in whose ''Aeneid'' a speaker says “we have emptied the fields enough”, and who has scattered leaders and companies left on their own seek safety.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is used most often in the past participle,^(Lewis & Short 1879) of persons left alone or forsaken and of places emptied of people;^(OLD 2012) with an ablative or genitive it means deprived of something, as a column without its commander in Statius.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Columella, Statius, Tacitus and Pliny the Younger use it in prose and verse.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ The Vulgate uses it of laying a place waste,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Stelten gives “bring to desolation” for Church Latin.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval writers also use it of ruining a plan and of grieving or afflicting someone, sometimes as a deponent formed on the model of ''cōnsōlārī''.^(MLW) English [[m|en|desolate]] (mid-14th century) comes from its past participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of leaving people alone and of emptying fields.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid speaks of lands left deserted.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses the participle of persons left alone.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of laying a place waste.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English borrows [[m|en|desolate]] from its past participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To leave (someone) all alone, [[m|en|forsake]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (past participle, with an ablative or genitive) Deprived of, left without.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To empty (a place) of inhabitants, leave [[m|en|deserted]]; to lay waste.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To bring to nothing; to [[m|en|grieve]], afflict.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēsōlātiō]]

+ * [[desolator]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}