disperdo Latin · revision 36859

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la perdō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [dɪsˈpɛr.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [disˈpɛr.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''disperdō''' (present infinitive disperdere, perfect active disperdidī, supine disperditum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dis-|perdō|t2=to destroy, lose]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan lists [[m|la|perdō]] among the compounds in ⟨-dō⟩ that he assigns to the verb “to put”, [[ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-]], while noting that such compounds could also belong to [[m|la|dō|t=to give]], so the attribution is not always certain.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Plautus, where in the ''Casina'' a man urges another to drink, eat and squander his property: ''bibe, ēs, disperde rem''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to destroy or ruin utterly, especially property and fortunes:^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of squandering the possessions left by the ancestors,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) and Vatinius, in a letter among Cicero's correspondence, uses it of a man who had killed, carried off and ruined Roman citizens.^(OLD 2012) Lucretius uses it of colour that is lost entirely, and Virgil of murdering a song on a squeaky pipe.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The passive in place of ''disperīre'' is rare (Lucretius, the Vulgate, Salvian, Gregory of Tours).^(TLL)

+

+ In Christian Latin it means to destroy or cut off.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval documents use it of things lost or destroyed and, by confusion with [[dispergo|alt=dispergō]], of people scattered or driven away.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of squandering one's property.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of colour lost entirely.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of squandering inherited estates.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of murdering a song.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses its passive for “perish”.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|destroy]] or ruin utterly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To ruin, [[m|en|squander]] (property, fortunes); to ruin (persons).^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To destroy, cut off.^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To scatter, drive away.^(MLW)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}