iniuriosus Latin · revision 36849

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86/82 BC, Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=la iniūria}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪn.juː.riˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [in.ju.riˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iniūriōsus''' (feminine iniūriōsa, neuter iniūriōsum, comparative iniūriōsior); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|iniūria|-ōsus|t1=injustice, wrong]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) The TLL allows that it may be formed from [[m|la|iniūrius|t=unjust]] instead, and compares [[m|la|periūriōsus]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler finds it first in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'',^(Köbler 2010) which defines [[m|en|avarice]] as a wrongful desire for the goods of others.^(Conte 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero has it of people who wrong others: those who would be more generous than their means allow, he says in the ''De officiis'', are unjust to their nearest kin;^(OLD 2012) he also speaks of a wrongful and criminal life.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) With the elder Seneca it means insulting, of the crowd that pours into a brothel,^(OLD 2012) and a speaker in Horace expects to be borne away as dry ashes by insulting winds (''iniūriōsīs ventīs'').^(Conte 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016) Pliny the Elder uses it of a blow that damages vines,^(OLD 2012) and the superlative is found in Augustine of abusive words.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Medieval Latin used it of unjust or high-handed people, of harmful animals and of unjustified claims;^(MLW) a British charter of 918 calls anyone who challenges a grant an ''iniūriōsus contradictor''.^(DMLBS) Niermeyer gives the sense offensive.^(Niermeyer 1976) English took ''injurious'' in the early 15th century from Old French and directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' defines avarice with it.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of people unjust to their kin.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of harsh winds.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a damaging blow.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 918 – A British charter uses it of a wrongful challenger.^(DMLBS)

+ * early 15th century – English borrows it as ''injurious'', partly through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Acting [[m|en|unjust|alt=unjustly]], [[m|en|wrongful]], showing no respect for others' rights.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|insulting|alt=Insulting]], [[m|en|offensive]].^(OLD 2012)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # Causing harm, [[m|en|injurious]], damaging.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Unjustified;^(MLW)^(DMLBS) ''(as a noun)'' a wrong.^(MLW)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iniūria]]

+ * [[iniūrius]]

+ * [[en|injurious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}