operculum Latin · revision 36826

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *h₂uer-i(e)-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɔˈpɛr.kʊ.ɫũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [oˈpɛr.ku.lum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''operculum''' ''n'' (genitive operculī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|operiō|-culum|t1=to cover]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) De Vaan derives [[m|la|operiō]] from [[itc-pro|*op-wer-i(e)-|t=to cover up]], from [[ine-pro|*h₂uer-i(e)-|t=to cover]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cato is the first author:^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in his book on farming he gives instructions to put a lid on a jar and seal it.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The TLL finds it mostly in the writers on farming from Cato and Varro on, once in Cicero, and not in the poets.^(TLL) It meant a lid or cover:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero says the windpipe is covered as if by a lid,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy describes chests whose lids were fastened with lead, Columella channels closed with covers, and Ulpian the covers of wells.^(OLD 2012) A building contract preserved in an inscription uses it of a facing of fir boards.^(OLD 2012) Jerome quotes the proverb ''invēnit patella operculum'', “the pot has found its lid”.^(Conte 2010)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ In British Medieval Latin it was the lid of a tomb or coffin, as in Bede, and also the cover of a vessel or a well and the visor of a helmet.^(DMLBS) English took ''operculum'' in 1713 for a lid or for a lid-like structure in plants and animals.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of the lid of a jar.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of covers.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero compares the cover of the windpipe to a lid.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of the lids of chests.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian uses it of the covers of wells.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 383–419/420 AD – Jerome quotes the proverb of the pot and its lid.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1713 – English borrows it as ''operculum''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|lid]], [[m|en|cap]] or cover.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # An overlay or facing for a wall or panel.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The lid of a [[m|en|tomb]] or [[m|en|coffin]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[operculō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[operiō]]

+ * [[operīmentum]]

+ * [[en|operculum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}