inclamo Latin · revision 36814

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la clāmō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋˈkɫaː.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iŋˈklaː.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inclāmō''' (present infinitive inclāmāre, perfect active inclāmāvī, supine inclāmātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|clāmō|t2=to shout]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|clāmō]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*klām-o/ā-|t=shout, shouting]] and [[ine-pro|*klh₁-m(o)-]].^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL quotes Festus' epitome to the effect that ⟨in-⟩ was often used to strengthen a word.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of calling out to someone (''ibi mē inclāmat Alcumēna'', “then Alcumena calls out to me”) and, in a bad sense, of shouting at a person.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Cicero it means to call on someone for help: a man calls his companion once and again,^(Conte 2010) and Cicero tells Atticus to be ready to come flying if he cries out (''sī inclāmārō'').^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Livy has a man call Fulvius by name,^(Conte 2010) and Caelius writes that people tried to wake Antony by shouting his name.^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder tells of a dolphin called by a boy,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) and Gellius of someone calling on the faith of gods and men.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ In Propertius the dead Cynthia complains that no one called aloud over her eyes as she died.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It was also used of calling for something urgently, as for weapons in war or water in a fire.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of calling out to someone and of abusing a person.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of calling for help.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of calling aloud over the dying.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of calling someone by name.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it of calling on gods and men.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To call out to (a person); to call upon, [[m|en|invoke]] (a name, help).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To call for, demand.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|shout]] out, cry aloud.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To shout at, [[m|en|abuse]], [[m|en|scold]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To cry aloud over (the dying).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inclamatio]]

+ * [[inclāmitō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[clāmō]]

+ * [[exclāmō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}