lapidosus Latin · revision 36811

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la lapis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɫa.pɪˈdoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [la.piˈdɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lapidōsus''' (feminine lapidōsa, neuter lapidōsum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|lapis|-ōsus|t1=stone]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*la/eped-]] for [[m|la|lapis]], compares [[grc|λέπας|tr=lépas|t=bare rock]], and thinks it probably a Mediterranean loanword.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Varro on,^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of stony soil (''lapidōsa terra'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Ovid uses it of stony mountains and fields and of the pebbly waters of the Aesar (''lapidōsās Aesaris undās'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Of fruit it meant containing hard stones: Virgil has stony cornel cherries and Columella plums.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Horace calls the bread of Canusium gritty (''lapidōsus panis''),^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) and Persius speaks of gout that hardens the joints like stone.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Pliny the Elder has the comparative.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Medieval British writers used it of stony ground and roads, of what is made of stone or is like stone, and perhaps of a fish living in stony streams.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of stony soil.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of cornel cherries with hard stones.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of gritty bread.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of stony mountains, fields and rivers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 34–62 AD – Persius uses it of gout that hardens the joints.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Full of stones, [[m|en|stony]], [[m|en|rocky]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # Full of stony lumps, [[m|en|gritty]]; hard as stone.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Of fruit: containing hard stones.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # Of [[m|en|gout]]: forming stones in the joints.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Made of stone.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lapidositas]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lapis]]

+ * [[lapideus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}