concitator Latin · revision 36808

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la cieō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔŋ.kɪˈtaː.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kon̠ʲ.t͡ʃiˈtaː.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''concitātor''' ''m'' (genitive concitātōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|concitō|-tor|t1=to stir up, rouse]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) That verb is formed with [[m|la|con-]] from [[m|la|citō#2|t=to set in motion]], the frequentative of [[m|la|cieō|t=to stir, move]], which it replaced in Classical Latin.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Cicero,^(Köbler 2010)^(TLL) in phrases such as ''concitātor tabernāriōrum'', “the man who stirred up the shopkeepers”, and ''sēditiōnis īnstimulātor et concitātor'', “the goad and rouser of sedition”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It always kept the sense of one who rouses others, usually to disorder.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With a genitive it named either the people stirred up, as with Cicero's shopkeepers, or the thing provoked: Hirtius has ''concitātor bellī'', “instigator of the war”, and Livy ''turbae ac tumultūs concitātor''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(TLL) Seneca uses it without a genitive: a roused crowd outran the very man who had roused it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) It is a rare word,^(Lewis & Short 1879) found also in Tacitus, in the jurists, and in Firmicus Maternus, for whom the planet Saturn stirs up disturbances.^(TLL)

+

+ Medieval writers used it of an agitator of the common people and of the instigators of sedition and crimes.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a political agitator.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Hirtius uses it of the instigator of a war.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy speaks of an instigator of riot and tumult.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it without a genitive.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 343/350 AD – Firmicus Maternus calls Saturn a rouser of disturbances.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|agitator]], one who stirs up a crowd or a group of people.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(MLW)

+ # An [[m|en|instigator]] (of war, sedition or tumult).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In Tacitus and Eutropius the manuscripts also have the shorter form ''concitor''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}