symphoniacus Latin · revision 36806

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Cicero|origins=grc συμφωνιακός}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sym.pʰoːˈni.a.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [sim.foˈniː.a.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''symphōniacus''' (feminine symphōniaca, neuter symphōniacum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|συμφωνιακός|tr=sumphōniakós|t=musical]],^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) and belongs with the Latin noun [[symphōnia]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who speaks of ''symphōniacī puerī'' and ''servī'', slave boys and slaves trained to sing or play in a band.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it described people who sang or played together in a band, and was often used as a noun for such a musician.^(OLD 2012) Petronius has ''symphōniacus'' as a noun, and an inscription has the native word [[mūsicārius]] in the same sense.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Palladius, Vegetius and the herbal of Pseudo-Apuleius called henbane ''herba symphōniaca''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Ecclesiastical Latin it could mean “harmonized”,^(Stelten 1995) and in Medieval Latin the noun meant a musician or singer.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of slave musicians as ''symphōniacī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses it as a noun, “musician”.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 297–310 AD – Arnobius writes of the ''symphōniacae artēs'', the arts of music.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * end of the 4th or beginning of the 5th century AD – Palladius names henbane ''herba symphōniaca''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 983–993 – Gerhard of Augsburg uses the noun for a singer or musician.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Singing or playing in a [[m|en|band]] of musicians; of or belonging to [[m|en|music]] or concerts.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''herba symphōniaca'': [[m|en|henbane]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|harmonize|alt=Harmonized]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|musician]], a member of a band.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A singer or musician.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}