umbraticus Latin · revision 36771

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la umbra}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ʊmˈbraː.tɪ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [umˈbraː.ti.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''umbrāticus''' (feminine umbrātica, neuter umbrāticum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|umbra|-āticus|t1=shade, shadow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in the ''Curculio'', where ''homo umbrāticus'' is a man who keeps to the shade, a lounger.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The idea is of someone who lives in the shade rather than in the sun of public and active life.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca calls the Epicureans a pampered and stay-at-home crowd (''dēlicāta et umbrātica turba''),^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Petronius speaks of a pedantic teacher who never leaves the schoolroom (''umbrāticus doctor''),^(Georges 1913) and Pliny the Younger of letters written at leisure in the study as an exercise (''umbrāticae litterae'').^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lactantius uses it of a teacher whose doctrines are mere show.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Medieval writers used it to mean merely apparent, shadowy or unreal: for Alcuin the happiness of the world is ''umbrātica'', and true happiness is found only in the future life.^(DMLBS) English [[m|en|umbrage]] comes, through Old French, from the noun use of its neuter.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus calls an idler ''homo umbrāticus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca calls the Epicureans an ''umbrātica turba''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius speaks of an ''umbrāticus doctor''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–317 AD – Lactantius uses it of a teacher of empty doctrines.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 794 – Alcuin calls the happiness of the world ''umbrātica''.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # That lives in the [[m|en|shade]]; keeping indoors, idle.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # [[m|en|retired|alt=Retired]], private, devoted to study rather than public life;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) (of writings) done at leisure.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' Pretended, deceptive.^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Merely apparent, shadowy, [[m|en|unreal]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[umbrāticulus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[umbra]]

+ * [[umbrāculum]]

+ * [[umbrātilis]]

+ * [[umbrifer]]

+ * [[umbrōsus]]

+ * [[en|umbrage]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}