trucidatio Latin · revision 36746

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la trucīdō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [trʊ.kiːˈdaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [tru.t͡ʃiˈdat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''trucīdātiō''' ''f'' (genitive trucīdātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|trucīdō|-tiō|t1=to slaughter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) The verb is obscure.^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan files it under [[m|la|trux|t=fierce, savage]] and derives it from a compound “hacking savagely” of that adjective with [[m|la|caedō|t=to cut, strike]], rejecting an older explanation as “hacking into four pieces”, with a form of the word for “four”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Cato,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in a speech that Gellius quotes: ''tantas trucidationes facis'' (“you commit such slaughters”).^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero speaks of the slaughter of citizens,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and Livy writes that it was no longer a battle but a slaughter, as of cattle (''non iam pugna, sed trucidatio velut pecorum'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Celsus uses it in a transferred sense of cutting to pieces,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and Pliny the Elder of lopping trees.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ Christian writers kept the main sense: Lactantius has the slaughter of a man, and Augustine the slaughter in the recent Roman disaster.^(Georges 1913) It is still found in British Medieval Latin, in Orderic Vitalis and Robert Pullen.^(DMLBS) English borrowed it as [[m|en|trucidation]] in the 1620s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses the plural in a speech.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the slaughter of citizens.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy contrasts a slaughter with a battle.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of lopping trees.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine uses it of the slaughter in a Roman disaster.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1620s – Borrowed into English as ''trucidation''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Savage [[m|en|slaughter]], [[m|en|massacre]], butchery.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Cutting to pieces.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # The [[m|en|lop|alt=lopping]] of trees.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|trucidation]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}