verno Latin · revision 36744

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|origins=ine-pro *ues-r/n-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈweːr.noː], [ˈwɛr.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈvɛr.no]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vē̆rnō''' (present infinitive vē̆rnāre, perfect active vē̆rnāvī, supine vē̆rnātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|vernus|-ō|t1=of spring]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|vēr|t=spring]] to [[itc-pro|*wes-or]] and [[ine-pro|*ues-r/n-|t=spring]]; he lets [[m|la|vernus]] continue either a form with ⟨-ino-⟩ or, following Nussbaum, a formation from the locative of that noun.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|ἔαρ|tr=éar|t=spring]], [[lt|vãsara|t=summer]] and [[non|vár|t=spring]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short describe it as poetic and post-Augustan prose.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Among the authors the dictionaries cite, the earliest are Propertius, of youthful blood (''dum vernat sanguis'', “while the blood is young”), and Ovid, of the earth turning green again (''vernat humus'').^(Conte 2010)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Ovid also says of a bird that it starts to sing again in spring.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Pliny the Elder uses it of trees and shrubs coming into leaf, of a snake shedding its skin, and of the climate: in Italy the air is always somehow like spring or autumn.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Columella has blooming lilies,^(Lewis & Short 1879) Martial a field that rings with the chirping sparrow and a young man's cheeks covered with the first down,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and Seneca's ''Hercules Oetaeus'' a grove ordered to put out leaves in midwinter.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ Venantius Fortunatus has a deponent ''vernor''.^(Georges 1913) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means “flourish”,^(Stelten 1995) and Erasmus used it in a letter of an autumn as mild as spring.^(Ramminger) In 15th-century music theory Franchinus Gafurius used it of holding a tone at one pitch, as in the bagpipe.^(LmL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of youthful blood.^(Conte 2010)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of the earth turning green and of a bird singing again.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of trees, snakes and the climate.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it of a young man's first beard.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 15th century – Gafurius uses it of sustaining a tone.^(LmL)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(of the earth or plants)'' To grow green, [[m|en|bloom]] in spring; to renew itself.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(of the weather)'' To be like [[m|en|spring]].^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(of a bird)'' To begin singing again;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) ''(of a snake)'' to [[m|en|slough]] its skin.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To be young and vigorous;^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010) ''(of the cheeks)'' to grow the first down.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To [[m|en|flourish]].^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(music, 15th century)'' To sustain a tone at the same pitch.^(LmL)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vernātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vēr]]

+ * [[vē̆rnālis]]

+ * [[vē̆rnus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The OLD has a separate adverb ''vernō'' “in spring”, formed from [[vernus]] and used by Cato and Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}