spoliator Latin · revision 36736

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la spolium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [spɔ.liˈaː.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [spo.liˈaː.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''spoliātor''' ''m'' (genitive spoliātōris, feminine spoliātrīx); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|spoliō|-tor|t1=to strip, rob]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010) The verb is made from [[m|la|spolium|t=hide; spoils]],^(de Vaan 2008) which de Vaan traces back to [[itc-pro|*spoli(o)-|t=skin, hide]] and [[ine-pro|*spol(H)-i(o)-|t=what is split, stripped off]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero has it in the ''Verrines'', of the man who despoiled and damaged monuments: ''si tu eorum spoliatorem vexatoremque defendes'' (“if you defend the man who plundered and harmed them”).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it rare but classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy speaks of the robbers of a temple,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) and in Seneca and later it is also used of a person who robs other people, especially of the man who strips orphans of their property, as in Seneca and Juvenal.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Younger, in the ''Panegyricus'', pairs it with ''carnifex'' “executioner”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ British medieval writers use it of robbers and of those who seize another's property,^(DMLBS) and Robert of Melun calls Christ the despoiler of hell.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the plunderer of monuments.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of robbers of a temple.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of a robber of orphans.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal speaks of the despoiler of a ward.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # One who [[m|en|plunder|alt=plunders]] or despoils a place or property.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # One who [[m|en|rob|alt=robs]] a person.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Of Christ, the despoiler of hell.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Wiktionary gives the feminine ''spoliātrīx''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}