stridulus Latin · revision 36735

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la strīdō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈstriː.dʊ.ɫʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈstriː.du.lus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''strīdulus''' (feminine strīdula, neuter strīdulum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|strīdō|-ulus|t1=to make a shrill sound]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Georges 1913) De Vaan takes [[m|la|strīdō]] to be an onomatopoeic formation, with ⟨str⟩ and ⟨i⟩ rendering a high, shrill tone, and compares [[grc|τρίζω|tr=trízō|t=to squeak]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler finds it first in Virgil,^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Aeneid'' speaks of a whizzing spear, ''stridula cornus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is mainly a poetic word, which also appears in prose after Augustus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ovid uses it of creaking carts and of a torch hissing with smoke,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Lucan of whizzing missiles and of hissing,^(Georges 1913) Silius Italicus of a catapult, and Seneca, in the ''Letters'', of a thin, shrill voice.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In British medieval Latin it describes shrill sounds of all kinds: Aldhelm has the shrill sound of a trumpet, and other writers a cawing crow and the gnashing of teeth.^(DMLBS) English borrowed it in the 1610s as [[m|en|stridulous]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a whizzing spear.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of creaking carts and a hissing torch.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of a shrill voice.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1610s – English borrows it as [[m|en|stridulous]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Making a high-pitched or [[m|en|shrill]] sound: [[m|en|creaking]], hissing, whizzing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[strīdor]]

+ * [[en|stridulous]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}