turgesco Latin · revision 36731

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la turgeō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''turgēscō''' (present infinitive turgēscere); third conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|turgeō|-scō|t1=to be swollen]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Georges 1913) De Vaan finds no clear etymology for [[m|la|turgeō]]; its meaning makes a link with ⟨-tūrāre⟩ “to block” possible.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) The earliest passages the dictionaries quote are in Varro, who writes of preventing water from swelling in their bodies: ''ne aqua in eorum corpore turgescat''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “to begin to swell”, especially of plants as they grow and ripen: Ovid says that Ceres first taught the seed to swell in the fields,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) and Pliny the Elder uses it of shoots, vines and barley.^(OLD 2012) Pliny also uses it of a swelling throat.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ Figuratively it was used of swelling passion: Cicero has the verse ''cor meum penitus turgescit tristibus iris'' (“my heart swells deep within with grim wrath”) and says that the wise man's mind never swells with it.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016) Of style it meant to become bombastic, in Quintilian, and Persius uses it of a page swelling with trifles.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010) Cassiodorus uses the participle of a villa rising proudly on a height.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of water swelling in the body.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a heart swelling with anger.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of seed swelling in the fields.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of shoots and vines.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of bombastic style.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To begin to [[m|en|swell]], swell up.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of plants, to swell as a sign of growth or ripening.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To swell with passion or anger.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' Of style, to become [[m|en|bombastic]].^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inturgesco]]

+ * [[obturgescō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[turgidus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}