supergredior Latin · revision 36727

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=59 BC–17 AD, Livy|origins=la gradior}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊ.pɛrˈɡrɛ.di.ɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [su.perˈɡrɛː.di.or]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''supergredior''' (present infinitive supergredī, perfect active supergressus sum); third (-iō variant) conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ Pliny the Elder has the form ''supergradior''.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) The participle ''supergressus'' is used in a passive sense by Palladius and Ammianus Marcellinus.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|super-|gradior|t2=to step, walk]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan traces [[m|la|gradior]] to [[itc-pro|*grad-(e)i-]] and [[ine-pro|*g(h)rd(h)-(e)i-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its earliest citation in the OLD is in Livy, of crossing hills and pitching camp: ''supergressi tumulos posuerunt castra''.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Lewis & Short call it post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the literal sense of stepping or passing over, Curtius uses it of crossing the ruins of fortifications, Columella of a height a suckling pig cannot get over, and Pliny the Elder of a goat stepping over another lying down.^(OLD 2012) Suetonius uses it of a flame rising above the roof of a temple.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Figuratively it meant to go beyond a limit or to surpass others:^(OLD 2012) Valerius Maximus uses it of a man who passed the usual span of human life,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Tacitus of a wealth and magnificence beyond a private citizen's measure,^(OLD 2012) and Quintilian of a mother who surpassed all praise.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Seneca uses it of rising above the influence of chance and necessity.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Ecclesiastical Latin uses it for “surpass, exceed, overstep”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of crossing hills.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of rising above chance and necessity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a goat stepping over another.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of surpassing all praise.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it of a flame rising above a temple.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To pass or step over or beyond; to [[m|en|cross]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To go beyond a limit, [[m|en|exceed]]; to [[m|en|surpass]], excel.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To rise above the influence of circumstances, overcome.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[supergressus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}