gerundium Latin · revision 36719

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=3rd century AD, Sacerdos|origins=la gerō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɡɛˈrʊn.di.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [d͡ʒeˈrun.di.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gerundium''' ''n'' (genitive gerundiī or gerundī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|gerendus|t=which is to be carried out]], the gerundive of [[m|la|gerō|t=to carry, bear]];^(Wiktionary)^(Georges 1913) Etymonline cites the gerundive as [[m|la|gerundum]].^(Etymonline) Etymonline reports the old grammarians' explanation that the form expressed the doing, or the need to do, something.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is a term of the Late Latin grammarians.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Diomedes uses it for the gerund,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) and in Diomedes and Sacerdos the term (''gerundī modus'') covers both the gerund and the supine.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the grammarians Diomedes and Priscian it names the gerund, the verbal noun;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Servius' commentary on Donatus speaks of the ''gerundī modus'', which some editions read as ''gerundīvus modus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Medieval grammarians kept the term: Alcuin's grammar has it, and later writers in Britain use ''gerundium'' and ''gerundīvum'' alike for the gerund.^(DMLBS) It passed into English as [[m|en|gerund]] in the 1510s, where it was applied to verbal nouns in ''-ing'',^(Etymonline) into German as ''Gerundium'',^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) and into Italian as ''gerundio''.^(Wiktionary)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 3rd century AD – The grammarian Sacerdos uses the term ''gerundī modus''.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 2nd half of the 4th century AD – Diomedes uses ''gerundium'' for the gerund.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 6th century AD – Priscian uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1510s – English borrows it as ''gerund''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(grammar)'' The [[m|en|gerund]], the verbal noun inflected in the genitive, dative, accusative and ablative.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(grammar)'' In Diomedes' ''gerundī modus'', a class including both the gerund and the [[m|en|supine]].^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gerō]]

+ * [[en|gerund]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ It is not the same as the ''gerundīvum'', the future passive participle, although medieval writers in Britain sometimes use ''gerundīvum'' for the gerund too.^(Wiktionary)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}