quinquagenarius Latin · revision 36718

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la quīnquāgintā}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kʷiːŋ.kʷaː.ɡeːˈnaː.ri.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kʷiŋ.kʷa.d͡ʒeˈnaː.ri.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quīnquāgēnārius''' (feminine quīnquāgēnāria, neuter quīnquāgēnārium); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|quīnquāgēnī|-ārius|t1=fifty each]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Georges 1913) from the distributive of [[m|la|quīnquāgintā|t=fifty]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains the distributive ending ⟨-ēnī⟩ as spread by analogy from the lower numerals, and the numeral itself as a compound of [[m|la|quīnque|t=five]] with an old noun for “decad”; ⟨quīnque⟩ goes back to [[itc-pro|*kʷenkʷe]] and [[ine-pro|*penkʷe|t=five]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Cato,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) whose treatise on farming speaks of a jar (''dōlium'') and an urn holding fifty measures.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it means “containing fifty of anything”: Varro has a herd of fifty mares.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) In Vitruvius and Frontinus a ''fistula quīnquāgēnāria'' was a water pipe made from a sheet fifty digits wide, and later one with a cross-section of fifty square digits.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In law, Gaius uses it of a stake (''sacrāmentum'') of fifty asses, and Quintilian of a man who asked to be excused military service because he was fifty years old.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ In Late Latin, the Vulgate and Jerome use the plural ''quīnquāgēnāriī'' as a noun for the officers set over fifty men among the Israelites, “captains of fifty”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Augustine speaks of the ''numerus quīnquāgēnārius'', the number fifty,^(Georges 1913) Hilary of Poitiers uses the feminine for Pentecost,^(Conte 2010) and Ammianus Marcellinus has timbers fifty feet long.^(Georges 1913) Medieval writers used it for the number fifty or for a set of fifty,^(DMLBS) including a series of fifty psalms.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a jar holding fifty measures.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro writes of a herd of fifty mares.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of a water pipe.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of a man fifty years old.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 140–180 AD – Gaius uses it of a legal stake of fifty asses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it for captains of fifty.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1115 – A medieval source uses it for a series of fifty psalms.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Containing or consisting of [[m|en|fifty]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(of a water pipe)'' Made from a sheet fifty digits wide; later, having a cross-section of fifty square digits.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(law)'' Involving a sum of fifty [[as|alt=asses]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Fifty years old.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Late Latin, plural)'' Officers commanding fifty men, captains of fifty.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Late Latin, feminine)'' [[m|en|Pentecost]].^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The number fifty; a set of fifty, especially fifty [[m|en|psalm|alt=psalms]].^(DMLBS)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quīnquāgēnī]]

+ * [[quīnquāgintā]]

+ * [[quadrāgēnārius]]

+ * [[sexāgēnārius]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}