vigilanter Latin · revision 36711

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la vigil}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vigilanter''' (comparative vigilantius, superlative vigilantissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|vigilāns|-ter|t1=watchful]],^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) from the present participle of [[m|la|vigilō|t=to keep awake, watch]];^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler traces it to [[m|la|vigil|t=awake, watchful]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first recorded use is in Cicero,^(Köbler 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016) who uses it of looking after oneself and of governing a province with alert care.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero uses all its degrees: he promises to strive more vigilantly (''ēnītar vigilantius''), urges that Antony be guarded against more carefully and more vigilantly, and speaks of someone being harassed most vehemently and most vigilantly.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010) Ammianus Marcellinus pairs it with ''fortiter'', and Augustine and the jurists of the Digest also use it.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ Medieval writers kept it for watchfulness, as Bede does of fighting vices and Peter of Blois of guarding a vineyard.^(DMLBS) The Chronicle of Fontenelle uses it for “wisely, prudently”.^(Du Cange 1883)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of governing a province.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 390 AD – Ammianus Marcellinus uses it.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine uses the comparative.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st third of the 8th century AD – Bede urges fighting vices vigilantly.^(DMLBS)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # With [[m|en|alertness]], [[m|en|vigilantly]], watchfully; with unremitting care.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|prudently|alt=Prudently]], wisely.^(Du Cange 1883)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vigilāns]]

+ * [[vigilō]]

+ * [[vigil]]

+ * [[vigilantia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}