subsidiarius Latin · revision 36702

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 50 BC, Caesar|origins=la sedeō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''subsidiārius''' (feminine subsidiāria, neuter subsidiārium); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|subsidium|-ārius|t1=reserve troops; support]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan lists [[m|la|subsidium]] among the derivatives of [[m|la|sedeō|t=to sit]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Caesar, in the ''Civil War'', uses it of the reserve cohorts that followed the front line in support.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a military term for troops kept in reserve behind the front line;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy uses the masculine plural ''subsidiāriī'' as a noun, “the reserves”,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and the ''Bellum Africum'' has a battle line held by the reserves.^(OLD 2012) Columella transfers it to a vine shoot left as a reserve when the vine is pruned.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ In Roman law the ''actio subsidiaria'' was the action by which a ward claimed compensation from the magistrate who had appointed an unsuitable guardian;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Ulpian discusses it in the ''Digest''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Medieval writers used it more widely for anything that helps or reinforces, and once for a payment in the form of a subsidy.^(DMLBS) Italian ''sussidiario'' and Spanish ''subsidiario'' come from it.^(Wiktionary)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of reserve cohorts.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses ''subsidiāriī'' for the reserves.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of a reserve vine shoot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian discusses the ''actio subsidiaria''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1283 – A British record uses it of a subsidy.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(military)'' Supporting the front line, belonging to the [[m|en|reserve]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (of a line of battle) Held by the reserves.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of vine shoots) Kept in reserve.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(law)'' ''actio subsidiaria'', an action of a ward against the magistrate who appointed an unsuitable [[m|en|guardian]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Serving to help or reinforce; [[m|en|subsidiary]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(masculine plural)'' The reserves.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}