concilium Latin · revision 3670

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *kelh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔŋˈkɪ.li.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kon̠ʲˈt͡ʃiː.li.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''concilium''' ''n'' (genitive conciliī or concilī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably [[af|la|com-|calo|-ium|alt2=calō|t2=to call, summon]], an assembly called together.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) The verb is [[inh|itc-pro|*kela-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*kelh₁-|t=to call]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ The TLL notes that the meaning of [[concilio|alt=conciliō]] “to bring together, win over” fits this poorly.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in Plautus in the sense “debate, deliberation”: “here was a debate”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From Lucretius onwards it meant a gathering or assembly, especially the assembly of the plebs at Rome, as in inscriptions.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Lucretius used it of the union of atoms, and Cicero of the assembly of the gods and of men united by law in states.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ It also meant a hearing before a council, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012) In Christian Latin it was a church council or synod.^(Köbler 2010) English ''council'' came from it through Old French in the early 12th century, first in the Church sense.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a debate.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of the union of atoms.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the assembly of the gods.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 12th century – English ''council'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An assembly, public meeting, especially of the plebs.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A society, association (of men).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A union, connection (of atoms).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # A company, band, ''in uno concilio'': together.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A hearing (before a council).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A debate, deliberation.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Christian Latin)'' A church [[m|en|council]], [[m|en|synod]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[conciliō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cōnsilium]]

+ * [[en|council]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''concilium'', a meeting of select persons summoned to deliberate, from ''contio'' and ''comitia'', meetings of the whole community.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}