tranquille Latin · revision 36697

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la tranquillus}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tranquillē''' (comparative tranquillius, superlative tranquillissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|tranquillus|-ē|t1=calm, quiet]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan finds the origin of [[m|la|tranquillus]] unclear: an old explanation from [[m|la|trāns]] and a root for “quiet” fits neither the meaning nor the sound changes well.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and Conte cite it first from Plautus, in the ''Cistellaria''.^(Köbler 2010)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant “in an undisturbed manner, quietly, calmly”.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it in the ''Tusculan Disputations'' and the ''Orator'',^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010) and Livy has it too.^(Conte 2010) Seneca has the comparative of the soul that will abide more clearly and calmly among divine things,^(Georges 1913) and Suetonius the superlative (''tranquillissime senuit'', “he grew old most peacefully”).^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Medieval writers used it of living or governing in peace, as Alcuin does.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it in the ''Cistellaria''.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it in the ''Tusculan Disputations''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses the comparative in his letters.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses the superlative.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|quietly|alt=Quietly]], [[m|en|calmly]], undisturbed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis 1890)

+ # [[m|en|peacefully|alt=Peacefully]], in peace.^(Conte 2010)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}