venum Latin · revision 36696

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *ues-no-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈweː.nũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈvɛː.num]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vēnum''' ''m'' or ''n'' (accusative; dative vēnō or vēnuī; no other cases)^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ It is also spelled ''vaenum'', and with ''dō'' it is often written as one word, ''vēnumdō'' or ''vēnundō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis 1890)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wesno-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ues-no-|t=price]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Kloekhorst, as de Vaan reports, takes the noun to have been originally an n-stem, which would explain the different root vowels of the Greek, Armenian and Latin words.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[sa|वस्न|tr=vasná-|t=price, value]], [[grc|ὦνος|tr=ônos|t=price]] (whence [[m|grc|ὠνέομαι|tr=ōnéomai|t=I buy]]) and [[hit|ušnii̯e/a-|t=to put up for sale]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler find it first in the Twelve Tables;^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) it occurs only in the accusative and dative.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) In Plautus' ''Mercator'' someone is to carry a woman off across the sea for sale (''trans mare hinc venum apsportet'').^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The accusative stood with verbs of giving and going: ''vēnum dō'' “to put up for sale, sell”, as when Livy has a crowd of Campanian citizens sold and Sallust the Numidians sold as slaves, and ''vēnum eō'' “to be sold”, as in Livy's ''ut familia ad aedem Cereris venum iret'' (“that his household should be sold at the temple of Ceres”).^(Lewis 1890)^(Conte 2010)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan explains [[vēneō]] “to be sold” as from ''vēnum īre'' and [[vendō]] “to sell” as a shortened ''vēnum dare''.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ The dative ''vēnō'' or ''vēnuī'' “for sale” appears in Tacitus, who has incitements to luxury put up for sale (''posita veno inritamenta luxui''), and in Apuleius, where someone is asked whether he has milk for sale.^(Conte 2010)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it with a verb of carrying, “for sale”.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses ''venum dare'' and ''venum ire''.^(Lewis 1890)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses the dative ''veno'' “for sale”.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses the dative ''venui''.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|sale|alt=Sale]]; only in set uses:^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis 1890)

+ # ''(accusative)'' ''vēnum dō'' (also ''vēnumdō''), to put up for sale, [[m|en|sell]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis 1890)^(Conte 2010) ''vēnum eō'', to be sold.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis 1890)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(dative)'' ''vēnō'', ''vēnuī'': for sale, as in ''pōnere vēnō'' “to offer for sale” and ''habēre vēnuī'' “to have for sale”.^(Conte 2010)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vēnālis]]

+ * [[vēneō]]

+ * [[vendō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}