tripudium Latin · revision 36678

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=itc-pro *tri-podo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [trɪˈpʊ.di.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [triˈpuː.di.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tripudium''' ''n'' (genitive tripudiī or tripudī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|itc-pro|*tri-podo-|t=three-step dance]],^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) literally “three-footed”, made from the words for “three” and “foot” ([[m|la|pēs]]).^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The older ⟨o⟩ survives in the verb ⟨tripodāre⟩ of the Arval Hymn.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It has an exact match in the verb [[xum|ahtrepuřatu|t=to dance the tripudium]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan traces the word for “foot” to [[ine-pro|*pōd-s|t=foot]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cicero, in his work on divination, explains it as a contraction of ⟨terripavium⟩ or ⟨terripudium⟩,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and the epitome of Festus has ⟨terripuvium⟩, which Georges corrects to ⟨terripavium⟩.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Cicero,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who uses it in its augural sense: in a letter he writes that he is not predicting from favourable ''tripudia'' (''nec ex tripudiis solistimis aut soniviis tibi auguror'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In augury the ''tripudium'' was the noisy falling to the ground of food from the beaks of the sacred chickens, which was taken as an omen;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) the most favourable kind was called ''tripudium sōlistimum''.^(Georges 1913)^(OLD 2012) The epitome of Festus explains that the chickens were given porridge because some of it was bound to fall.^(Georges 1913)

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+ As a dance it was first the ritual dance in triple time of the Salii, the priests who honoured Mars: Livy describes them going through the city singing hymns, with ''tripudia'' and solemn dancing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It was also used of dances elsewhere: Catullus of the worshippers of Cybele, Livy of the war dances of the Spaniards and of Gauls going into battle, Tacitus of the Germans, who approved a speech with the clash of arms and dancing.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it meant festive dancing and rejoicing in general: Aldhelm uses it of the joy of the Easter vigil,^(DMLBS) and other writers of exultation and festivities.^(DMLBS)^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the omen of the sacred chickens.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of the dances of the worshippers of Cybele.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of the dance of the Salii and of war dances.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of Germans dancing to approve a speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 639–709 AD – Aldhelm uses it of the rejoicing of the Easter vigil.^(DMLBS)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A ritual [[m|en|dance]] in triple time, at Rome that of the Salii.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Any dance, especially a [[m|en|war dance]] or ecstatic dance.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(augury)'' The falling of food from the beaks of the sacred chickens, taken as an [[m|en|omen]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Festive dancing; [[m|en|rejoicing]], exultation.^(DMLBS)^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tripudiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sonīvius]]

+ * [[pēs]]

+ * [[sōlistimus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}