syrma Latin · revision 36667

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=2nd half of the 2nd century BC, Afranius|origins=grc σύρμα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsyr.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsir.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''syrma''' ''n'' (genitive syrmatis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Earlier writers (Afranius, Valerius, Cornelius Severus) decline it as a feminine of the first declension, ''syrma, -ae''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|σύρμα|tr=súrma|t=robe with a train]].^(OLD 2012)^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler compares the Greek word, with a question mark, with [[ine-pro|*su̯erbʰ-|t=to turn, wipe, sweep]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its earliest uses are in the comic poet Afranius, who still treats it as a feminine of the first declension.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a long robe with a train, worn especially by actors in tragedy;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca uses it in his tragedies,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and Juvenal of the costume of the tragic stage.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) By metonymy it stood for tragedy itself or a tragic role, in Martial and Juvenal.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Late poets such as Prudentius, Paulinus of Nola and Sidonius use it for a trailing robe.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Medieval British writers used it for a long robe, for the train or ornamental border of a garment, and figuratively for a long speech.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 2nd half of the 2nd century BC – Afranius uses the feminine ''syrma, -ae''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses the neuter ''syrma, -atis'' in his tragedies.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it for tragedy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal uses it of the tragic costume and of tragic roles.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 348/49–c. 413 AD – Prudentius uses it of a trailing robe.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A robe with a long [[m|en|train]], worn especially by tragic actors.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(by metonymy)'' [[m|en|tragedy|alt=Tragedy]]; a tragic role.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The train or ornamental border of a garment;^(DMLBS) ''(figurative)'' a long speech.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[syrmaticus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}