familia Latin · revision 3666

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *dʰh₁-m-elo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [faˈmɪ.li.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [faˈmiː.li.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''familia''' ''f'' (genitive familiae or familiās); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*fameliā|t=household]], from an adjective “of the house”, perhaps from [[ine-pro|*dʰh₁-m-elo-|t=foundation]], from the root [[m|ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-|t=to put, place]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Rix explains [[famulus]] “servant” as a back-formation from it.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Compare [[osc|famelo|t=household]],^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) [[grc|θεμέλιος|tr=themélios|t=of the foundation]] and [[sa|धामन्|tr=dhā́man|t=dwelling place, law]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in the Laws of the Twelve Tables (c. 450 BC).^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) In Plautus the household god is called “Lar, father of the household”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant everyone under the control of the head of a house, relatives, freedmen and slaves, and especially the slaves of a household, as Cicero's large household of craftsmen and handsome slaves.^(OLD 2012) A ''familia'' was also a gang of slaves employed for a purpose, or a personal retinue.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ It meant a family related by blood, as Plautus' “so brave a family”, and a school of philosophy, as Cicero's ''Peripateticorum familia''.^(OLD 2012) In law it was the estate.^(OLD 2012) The old genitive survived in ''pater familias'', “head of the household”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Medieval Latin it was the body of serfs or dependants of a lord.^(Köbler 2010) English ''family'' was borrowed in the early 15th century, first meaning the servants of a household.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a household and a family.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a gang of slaves.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a school of philosophy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''family'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|household]] (relations, freedmen and slaves).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The slaves of a household, servants.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A gang of slaves; a retinue.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|family]], kin.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A school (of philosophy).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law)'' An estate.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The serfs or dependants of a lord.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[familiāris]]

+ * [[familiola]]

+ * [[māterfamiliās]]

+ * [[familiāriter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[familiārēscō]]

+ * [[familiāricus]]

+ * [[familiāritās]]

+ * [[famula]]

+ * [[famulanter]]

+ * [[famulātiō]]

+ * [[famulātus]]

+ * [[famulitium]]

+ * [[famulō]]

+ * [[famulor]]

+ * [[en|family]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}