fides Latin · revision 3665

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰeydʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfɪ.deːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfiː.des]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fidēs''' ''f sg'' (genitive fidē̆ī or fidē or fidī); fifth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*fiþ-ē-|t=trust]], [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰidʰ-eh₁-|t=faith]], from the root of [[fido|alt=fīdō]] “to trust”.^(de Vaan 2008) Meillet saw it as a remaking of PIE *ḱred-dʰeh₁- “belief”, which de Vaan finds far-fetched.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[grc|πείθω|tr=peíthō|t=to persuade]] and [[grc|πίστις|tr=pístis|t=faith]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) as in “I entrusted the gold to your good faith”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its early senses were trust placed in someone, protection, and a pledge or promise, as Ennius' “take and give a pledge”.^(OLD 2012) From this it meant credit, especially financial credit, good faith and honesty, as Ennius' “there is no sacred bond or good faith in kingship”, loyalty and allegiance.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It meant credibility and belief, as Cicero's “belief is a firm opinion”, and the fulfilment of a promise.^(OLD 2012) ''Bona fide'' meant “in good faith”.^(OLD 2012) In Christian Latin it was the virtue of faith and the Christian religion.^(Stelten 1995) It survives as Italian ''fede'', French ''foi'' and Spanish ''fe'', and English ''faith'' came from Old French.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of trust and protection.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of a pledge and of good faith.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero defines it as a firm opinion.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Trust; protection, tutelage.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A guarantee, [[m|en|promise]], pledge.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The fulfilment (of a promise).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Proof, confirmation.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Credit]], good name.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Good faith, honesty, ''bona fide'': in good faith.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Loyalty, allegiance.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Credibility; belief.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Christian Latin)'' [[m|en|Faith]]; the Christian religion.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fidēiubeō]]

+ * [[fidēpromittō]]

+ * [[fidedictor]]

+ * [[fideicommittō]]

+ * [[fidēlis]]

+ * [[perfidus]]

+ * [[levifīdus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fidēlitās]]

+ * [[fīdō]]

+ * [[fīdus]]

+ * [[en|faith]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''fides'', keeping one's word, from ''fidelitas'', loyal attachment.^(Döderlein 1874) A different word ''fides'', ''fidium'', a lyre or its strings, is perhaps from [[grc|σφίδη|tr=sphídē|t=gut string]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}