permissus Latin · revision 36649

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la mittō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''permissus''' ''m'' (genitive permissūs); fourth declension^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ Except in a few later passages it is found only in the ablative singular ''permissū''.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) Inscriptions also write ''permisū'' and abbreviate it ''permiss.'', ''perm.'' or ''p.''^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|permittō|-tus|t1=to allow, entrust]], a verbal noun of the fourth declension.^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) That verb is formed with [[m|la|per-]] from [[m|la|mittō|t=to send, let go]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Cicero,^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) in phrases such as ''permissū lēgis'', “with the permission of the law”, and ''permissū tuō'', “with your permission”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it meant permission or authorization, almost always in the ablative with a genitive of the person who grants it: by someone's leave.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Cicero, Livy and Velleius use it in this way, and Tacitus also uses ''permissū'' alone.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Later writers, especially the jurists, also have the accusative, as in ''citrā permissum praetōris'', “without the praetor's permission”,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and the Vulgate has ''permissū sacerdōtum'', “with the authority of the priests”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Medieval British writers kept the classical use, for permission given by a king, an abbot or a pontiff, and spoke of things happening ''Deī permissū'', “by God's permission”.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''permissū lēgis'' and ''permissū tuō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it with the genitive of a commander or a people.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 20 BC–30 AD – Velleius Paterculus uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate speaks of the permission of the priests.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 533 AD – The Digest has the accusative ''permissum''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 780 – A charter is issued with the leave and permission of King Offa of Mercia.^(DMLBS)

+ * 1102 – A council forbids monks to impose penance without their abbot's permission.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|permission|alt=Permission]], leave, [[m|en|authorization]]; usually in the ablative, ''permissū'' “by the leave (of)”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Permissus, -a, -um'' is also the perfect participle of [[permitto|alt=permittō]],^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) and its neuter ''permissum'' was used as a noun, “what is allowed, a permission”, from Horace on; the TLL notes that some of its accusatives may belong to this noun instead.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}