praemunio Latin · revision 36631

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la moenia}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prae̯ˈmuː.ni.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [preˈmuː.ni.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praemūniō''' (present infinitive praemūnīre, perfect active praemūnīvī, supine praemūnītum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Gellius has the older spelling ''praemoeniō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prae-|mūniō|t2=to fortify]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|mūniō]] from [[m|la|moenia|t=defensive walls]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*moini-|t=protective wall]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL records it from Cicero and Caesar on, only in prose.^(TLL) In a letter to Atticus, Cicero asks him to prop up and secure in advance that his term should last only one year: ''praefulcī atque praemūnī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is to fortify in advance or in front: Caesar has the Isthmus fortified, and Tacitus a legion protected by a rough ditch.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is to safeguard in advance: Suetonius has a man suspected of protecting himself with antidotes against poison, and Gellius speaks of what a judge should be forearmed with.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) In rhetoric it is to bolster a case beforehand, and Cicero uses it of an orator who forestalls objections.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It can also mean to set something down first as a support, to premise.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was associated with ''praemoneō'': British writers used it for equipping and protecting and also for forewarning,^(DMLBS) and Niermeyer gives the sense “to warn”.^(Niermeyer 1976) Du Cange records it in English legal usage for summoning to court, the source of the name of the royal writ ''praemunire faciās''.^(Du Cange 1883) English took the word over as [[m|en|praemunire]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of fortifying approaches and the Isthmus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it in rhetoric and of securing something in advance.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it of protecting oneself with antidotes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – British writers use it in the sense “to forewarn”, beside ''praemoneō''.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|fortify]] in advance or in front.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To [[m|en|safeguard]] in advance, protect.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' To strengthen (a case or argument) beforehand.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To set down first as a support, [[m|en|premise]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(intransitive, with dative)'' To serve as a protection for.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To forewarn; to [[m|en|summon]].^(DMLBS)^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Du Cange 1883)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[praemūnītiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|praemunire]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}