provolo Latin · revision 36622

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 50 BC, Caesar|origins=la volō#2}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈproː.wɔ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈprɔː.vo.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōvolō''' (present infinitive prōvolāre, perfect active prōvolāvī, supine prōvolātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prō-|volō#2|t1=forth|t2=to fly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan derives [[m|la|volō#2]] from [[itc-pro|*gʷela-je/o-]] and finds it conceivable that this goes back to [[ine-pro|*gʷelh₁-|t=to raise the arm, throw]], since raising the arm could have come to mean flying when said of birds, though Walde and Hofmann rejected the link.^(de Vaan 2008) If so, it is cognate with [[grc|βάλλω|tr=bállō|t=to throw]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest passage is in the annalist Quadrigarius, quoted by Gellius, in which the parents of hostages rush out into the street with their hair loose, ''capillō passō in viam prōvolārunt''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it is used mostly of people rushing or dashing forward: Caesar has a sudden sally with all forces, Livy Romulus hurrying to the front line and two Fabii charging out with levelled spears, and Phaedrus a panther that bursts out and slaughters the flock.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Lucretius uses it of things that shoot forward, such as the sound of thunder.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ The literal sense, to fly out, is found later, in Pliny the Elder of chicks and bees leaving and in Apuleius of Cupid flying off on mended wings.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) The TLL notes that manuscripts often confuse it with [[pervolō#1]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of the sound of thunder shooting forth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of a sudden sally.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of warriors dashing forward.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 15 BC–c. 50 AD – Phaedrus uses it of a panther bursting out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of chicks and bees flying out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of Cupid flying away.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|fly]] out or forth.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To rush forth, [[m|en|dash]] forward.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(of things)'' To shoot forward.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[volō#2]]

+ * [[ēvolō]]

+ * [[pervolō#1]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}