astrictus Latin · revision 36619

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la stringō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''astrictus''' (feminine astricta, neuter astrictum, comparative astrictior); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ Also spelled ''adstrictus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle [[der|la|astringō|t=to bind fast, tighten]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) That verb is formed from [[m|la|ad-]] and [[m|la|stringō|t=to tie, tighten]], which in this sense de Vaan derives from [[itc-pro|*strenge/o-|t=to tie]] and [[ine-pro|*strengʰ-|t=to draw, tie]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|στραγγός|tr=strangós|t=twisted]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero is its first author.^(Köbler 2010) In ''De oratore'' he calls the poet a near neighbour of the orator, a little more bound by rhythm, ''numerīs astrictior paulō'', but freer in his choice of words.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From “bound, tied” it was used of prose bound by rhythm, as in Cicero, and in Sallust of people busy with or intent on something.^(OLD 2012) Of the body it meant tight or compact: Celsus uses it of a constipated bowel and of a constricted kind of disease, and Quintilian of the narrow flanks of a handsome horse.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Horace's loose sock, ''nōn astrictō soccō'', stands for careless writing.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Of style it meant terse or concise: Cicero calls the Stoics' speech more terse, and Tacitus says this of Calvus.^(OLD 2012) Of people it meant sparing or thrifty, as of a stingy father in Propertius;^(OLD 2012) Tacitus calls Vespasian the chief model of a thrifty way of life.^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder uses it of an astringent taste.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Medieval Latin Köbler records a noun ''astrictus'' “contraction, constraint” in a letter of Hildegard and “one held fast” in Otto of Freising,^(Köbler 2010) and the DMLBS a sense “obligation” in a document of 1399.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of language bound by rhythm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of people intent on something.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of a thrifty father.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of a constipated bowel.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of an astringent taste.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus calls Vespasian a model of thrift.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1157–1158 – Otto of Freising uses a noun ''astrictus'' for one held fast.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Bound (by rules or rhythm), tied.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # Busy or [[m|en|preoccupied]] (with), intent (on).^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|constricted|alt=Constricted]], tight, compact; of the bowels, [[m|en|constipated]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Restrained; of style, [[m|en|terse]], concise.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Sparing, [[m|en|parsimonious]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(of taste)'' [[m|en|astringent|alt=Astringent]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stringō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}