hordeaceus Latin · revision 36597

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=itc-pro *χor(s)d-ejo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [hɔr.deˈaː.ke.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [or.deˈaː.t͡ʃe.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hordeāceus''' (feminine hordeācea, neuter hordeāceum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''ordeāceus'', ''hordiāceus'' and ''hordeācius''.^(OLD 2012)

+ The Old Latin Bible and some manuscripts of the Vulgate have the spellings without ⟨h-⟩ and in ⟨-cius⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|hordeum|-āceus|t1=barley]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*χor(s)d-ejo-|t=barley]] for [[m|la|hordeum]], with a dialect form ⟨fordeum⟩ whose ⟨f-⟩ is probably hypercorrect.^(de Vaan 2008) He connects it with [[goh|gersta|t=barley]], [[grc|κριθή|tr=krithḗ|t=barley]] and perhaps [[hit|karaš-|t=wheat, emmer]], but finds it hard to derive them all from one form.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and de Vaan date it from Cato,^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008) whose farm manual mentions the chaff of wheat and of barley.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means of barley or made from barley.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro mentions barley flour, Celsus says barley bread loosens the bowels, and Pliny the Elder writes of barley straw and the barley harvest.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Columella has ''hordeācea pira'', pears that ripen at the time of the barley harvest,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) and Apuleius uses it of ears of barley.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The Vulgate has the barley harvest in Judith and a barley cake in Ezekiel,^(TLL) and Isidore of Seville defines ''farrāgō'' as a barley plant that is still green.^(TLL) Church Latin kept the sense “of barley”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato mentions barley chaff.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro mentions barley flour.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus writes of barley bread.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder writes of the barley harvest.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore of Seville uses it to define ''farrāgō''.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of [[m|en|barley]], made from barley.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Ripening at the time of the barley [[m|en|harvest]] (of pears).^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}