complano Latin · revision 36587

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la plānus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔmˈpɫaː.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [komˈplaː.no]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''complānō''' (present infinitive complānāre, perfect active complānāvī, supine complānātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|com-|plānus#1|-ō|t2=flat, level]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces the adjective to [[itc-pro|*plāno-]] and [[ine-pro|*pl(e)h₂-nó-|t=flattened]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first use is in Cato, who tells the farmer to level the earth ''tabulā aut pedibus'', with a board or with the feet.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to make level, and Lewis and Short call it rare.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Suetonius uses it of cutting down mountain ridges and of filling in a lake.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Of a building it meant to level with the ground, to raze: Cicero recalls that the house of Spurius Maelius, who aimed at kingship, was pulled down.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca uses it figuratively of smoothing out hardships.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) The Vulgate has it of levelling a road and, figuratively, in Sirach.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of levelling the ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the razing of a house.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of smoothing out difficulties.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it of levelling mountain ridges.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of levelling a road.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make (ground) [[m|en|level]] or flat.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To smooth out (difficulties).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To bring down to the ground, [[m|en|raze]] (a building).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[complānātor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}